1.Quick reference
A good presentation is audibly structured. Phrase banks help the audience know where they are in the line of argument at all times.
opening
→ objective / guiding question
→ structure
→ main points
→ examples / data / sources
→ transitions
→ conclusion
→ questions
Core principle:
Every sentence has a function:
orient · explain · connect · support · evaluate · close
Reference principle: Good presentation phrases are not decoration. They make structure, stance, evidence level, and transitions explicit.
2.1. Opening a presentation
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Guten Tag, ich möchte Ihnen heute ... vorstellen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
3.2. Greeting the audience
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Herzlich willkommen zu meiner Präsentation über ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
4.3. Naming the occasion
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Anlass für diese Präsentation ist ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
5.4. Announcing the topic
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Heute geht es um die Frage, wie ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
6.5. Stating the objective
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Ziel meiner Präsentation ist es, ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
7.6. Stating the guiding question
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, ob ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
8.7. Explaining relevance
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Das Thema ist besonders relevant, weil ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
9.8. Defining scope
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Ich konzentriere mich heute auf drei Aspekte.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
10.9. Defining a term
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Unter ... verstehe ich hier ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
11.10. Naming the starting point
The opening creates orientation. Audience, topic, objective, and guiding question should become clear quickly without overloading the presentation with preliminaries.
Useful German formulation:
Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
12.11. Announcing the structure
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Meine Präsentation gliedert sich in drei Teile.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
13.12. Naming the first section
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Zunächst gehe ich auf ... ein.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
14.13. Naming the second section
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Anschließend beschäftige ich mich mit ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
15.14. Naming the final section
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Zum Schluss komme ich auf ... zu sprechen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
16.15. Explaining order
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Ich beginne mit ..., weil dies die Grundlage für ... bildet.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
17.16. Announcing timing
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Für den ersten Teil plane ich etwa fünf Minuten ein.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
18.17. Marking a focus
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
19.18. Excluding a side issue
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Auf ... kann ich heute nur am Rande eingehen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
20.19. Giving an overview
A good structure makes the line of argument audible. It should not merely appear on a slide but also be announced verbally and revisited later.
Useful German formulation:
Zunächst ein kurzer Überblick über die wichtigsten Punkte.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
21.20. Moving to the next point
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Damit komme ich zum nächsten Punkt.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
22.21. Closing a section
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Damit ist der erste Teil abgeschlossen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
23.22. Referring back
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Wie bereits erwähnt, ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
24.23. Previewing what follows
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Darauf komme ich im nächsten Abschnitt noch einmal zurück.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
25.24. Changing perspective
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Betrachten wir die Frage nun aus einer anderen Perspektive.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
26.25. Moving from theory to practice
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Nach diesen Grundlagen möchte ich nun auf die praktische Umsetzung eingehen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
27.26. Moving from problem to solution
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Nachdem das Problem beschrieben ist, stellt sich die Frage nach möglichen Lösungen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
28.27. Moving from data to evaluation
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Aus diesen Zahlen ergibt sich die Frage, wie die Entwicklung zu bewerten ist.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
29.28. Using a section slide
Transitions prevent a presentation from sounding like a collection of separate slides. They show why the next point follows logically.
Useful German formulation:
Bevor wir weitergehen, fasse ich diesen Abschnitt kurz zusammen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
30.29. Formulating a main claim
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Die zentrale Aussage lautet, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
31.30. Highlighting a point
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Besonders wichtig ist dabei ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
32.31. Introducing an argument
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Dafür spricht zunächst, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
33.32. Introducing a second argument
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Ein weiterer Punkt ist ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
34.33. Introducing a counterargument
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Dem ließe sich entgegenhalten, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
35.34. Adding a qualification
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Das gilt allerdings nur unter der Voraussetzung, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
36.35. Naming a condition
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
37.36. Stating a consequence
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Daraus ergibt sich, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
38.37. Explaining cause
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Das lässt sich vor allem dadurch erklären, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
39.38. Showing a relationship
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Zwischen ... und ... besteht ein enger Zusammenhang.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
40.39. Expressing contrast
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt sich bei ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
41.40. Introducing a comparison
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Im Vergleich zu ... fällt auf, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
42.41. Marking priority
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
43.42. Marking complexity
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Die Situation ist allerdings komplexer, als es zunächst scheint.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
44.43. Stating an interim result
In the main body, claims, reasons, conditions, and consequences are clearly separated. Good phraseology makes each sentence’s argumentative function audible.
Useful German formulation:
Als Zwischenergebnis lässt sich festhalten, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
45.44. Introducing an example
Examples are strong when they illustrate or test a claim. They should not be decorative or replace the actual reasoning.
Useful German formulation:
Ein Beispiel dafür ist ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
46.45. Explaining an example
Examples are strong when they illustrate or test a claim. They should not be decorative or replace the actual reasoning.
Useful German formulation:
Das Beispiel zeigt, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
47.46. Limiting an example
Examples are strong when they illustrate or test a claim. They should not be decorative or replace the actual reasoning.
Useful German formulation:
Das Beispiel ist allerdings nicht ohne Weiteres verallgemeinerbar.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
48.47. Introducing a case study
Examples are strong when they illustrate or test a claim. They should not be decorative or replace the actual reasoning.
Useful German formulation:
Schauen wir uns dazu ein konkretes Fallbeispiel an.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
49.48. Making a practical connection
Examples are strong when they illustrate or test a claim. They should not be decorative or replace the actual reasoning.
Useful German formulation:
In der Praxis bedeutet das, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
50.49. Using an analogy
Examples are strong when they illustrate or test a claim. They should not be decorative or replace the actual reasoning.
Useful German formulation:
Man kann sich das vereinfacht so vorstellen: ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
51.50. Giving a counterexample
Examples are strong when they illustrate or test a claim. They should not be decorative or replace the actual reasoning.
Useful German formulation:
Ein Gegenbeispiel zeigt jedoch, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
52.51. Introducing a chart
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Auf der nächsten Folie sehen Sie ein Diagramm zur Entwicklung von ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
53.52. Explaining axes
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Auf der horizontalen Achse ist ..., auf der vertikalen Achse ... dargestellt.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
54.53. Describing a trend
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Insgesamt ist ein deutlicher Anstieg zu erkennen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
55.54. Describing a decline
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Im betrachteten Zeitraum geht der Wert deutlich zurück.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
56.55. Describing stagnation
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Der Wert bleibt weitgehend stabil.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
57.56. Describing fluctuation
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Die Werte schwanken im Verlauf erheblich.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
58.57. Marking a peak
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Den höchsten Wert erreicht ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
59.58. Marking a low
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Der niedrigste Wert liegt bei ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
60.59. Comparing groups
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Gruppe A liegt deutlich über Gruppe B.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
61.60. Describing a share
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Der Anteil beträgt rund ... Prozent.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
62.61. Naming percentage points
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Der Anteil steigt um fünf Prozentpunkte.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
63.62. Interpreting data cautiously
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Die Daten deuten darauf hin, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
64.63. Avoiding causal overclaim
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Daraus lässt sich jedoch nicht unmittelbar auf eine Ursache schließen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
65.64. Naming a data source
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Die Daten stammen aus ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
66.65. Naming the period
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Die Darstellung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum von ... bis ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
67.66. Marking data uncertainty
Data need context: period, unit, reference value, and source. Presentation language should separate observation from interpretation.
Useful German formulation:
Bei der Interpretation ist zu berücksichtigen, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
68.67. Referring to a slide
Visuals support the talk; they do not replace it. Good speakers direct the audience’s attention to the relevant element.
Useful German formulation:
Wie Sie auf dieser Folie sehen, ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
69.68. Focusing on part of a graphic
Visuals support the talk; they do not replace it. Good speakers direct the audience’s attention to the relevant element.
Useful German formulation:
Entscheidend ist hier vor allem der rechte Bereich der Grafik.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
70.69. Introducing a table
Visuals support the talk; they do not replace it. Good speakers direct the audience’s attention to the relevant element.
Useful German formulation:
Die Tabelle fasst die wichtigsten Unterschiede zusammen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
71.70. Explaining a figure
Visuals support the talk; they do not replace it. Good speakers direct the audience’s attention to the relevant element.
Useful German formulation:
Die Abbildung veranschaulicht den Ablauf von ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
72.71. Avoiding reading slides verbatim
Visuals support the talk; they do not replace it. Good speakers direct the audience’s attention to the relevant element.
Useful German formulation:
Ich greife nur die zwei wichtigsten Punkte heraus.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
73.72. Explaining a legend
Visuals support the talk; they do not replace it. Good speakers direct the audience’s attention to the relevant element.
Useful German formulation:
Die Farben stehen für unterschiedliche Kategorien.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
74.73. Explaining highlighting
Visuals support the talk; they do not replace it. Good speakers direct the audience’s attention to the relevant element.
Useful German formulation:
Der markierte Bereich zeigt ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
75.74. Introducing a source
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Diese Aussage stützt sich auf ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
76.75. Referring to a study
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Eine aktuelle Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
77.76. Limiting source authority
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Die Studie liefert Hinweise, beantwortet die Frage aber nicht vollständig.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
78.77. Synthesising sources
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Mehrere Untersuchungen kommen zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
79.78. Distinguishing sources
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Während Quelle A ..., betont Quelle B ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
80.79. Introducing a quotation
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Die Autorin formuliert dazu: „...“
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
81.80. Contextualising a quotation
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Das Zitat verdeutlicht, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
82.81. Making a source transparent
Sources should be made linguistically visible whenever data, reported positions, or research findings are presented. Transparency improves traceability.
Useful German formulation:
Die vollständige Quellenangabe finden Sie am Ende der Präsentation.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
83.82. Introducing your own position
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Aus meiner Sicht spricht vieles dafür, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
84.83. Stating a cautious position
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Ich würde die Entwicklung eher so einschätzen, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
85.84. Partial agreement
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Dem würde ich insofern zustimmen, als ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
86.85. Disagreeing
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Ich sehe diesen Punkt etwas anders.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
87.86. Disagreeing with reasons
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Dagegen spricht meiner Ansicht nach, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
88.87. Weighing considerations
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Einerseits ..., andererseits ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
89.88. Naming a criterion
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Entscheidend ist, welches Kriterium man zugrunde legt.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
90.89. Marking uncertainty
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Es lässt sich derzeit nicht eindeutig sagen, ob ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
91.90. Limiting scope
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Diese Aussage gilt nicht für alle Fälle.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
92.91. Summarising stance
A position is more convincing when its strength, criteria, and limits are visible. Nuance is more precise than absolute agreement or rejection.
Useful German formulation:
Insgesamt überwiegen für mich die Argumente für ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
93.92. Engaging the audience
Interaction helps only when managed. Questions, feedback, and brief engagement need a clear place in the flow.
Useful German formulation:
Vielleicht kennen Sie die Situation aus eigener Erfahrung.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
94.93. Using a rhetorical question
Interaction helps only when managed. Questions, feedback, and brief engagement need a clear place in the flow.
Useful German formulation:
Was bedeutet das nun für die Praxis?
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
95.94. Creating a thinking pause
Interaction helps only when managed. Questions, feedback, and brief engagement need a clear place in the flow.
Useful German formulation:
Nehmen wir uns einen Moment für diese Frage.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
96.95. Responding to audience feedback
Interaction helps only when managed. Questions, feedback, and brief engagement need a clear place in the flow.
Useful German formulation:
Darauf gehe ich gleich noch genauer ein.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
97.96. Deferring questions
Interaction helps only when managed. Questions, feedback, and brief engagement need a clear place in the flow.
Useful German formulation:
Fragen können wir gern am Ende gemeinsam besprechen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
98.97. Allowing questions during the talk
Interaction helps only when managed. Questions, feedback, and brief engagement need a clear place in the flow.
Useful German formulation:
Wenn etwas unklar ist, können Sie gern direkt nachfragen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
99.98. Managing interaction
Interaction helps only when managed. Questions, feedback, and brief engagement need a clear place in the flow.
Useful German formulation:
Damit wir im Zeitrahmen bleiben, nehme ich die Frage kurz auf und komme später darauf zurück.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
100.99. Opening Q&A
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Damit bin ich am Ende meiner Präsentation. Welche Fragen haben Sie?
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
101.100. Repeating a question
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Wenn ich Ihre Frage richtig verstanden habe, geht es um ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
102.101. Buying thinking time
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Das ist eine interessante Frage. Ich würde zunächst zwischen ... unterscheiden.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
103.102. Answering directly
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Kurz gesagt: ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
104.103. Admitting uncertainty
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Dazu liegen mir im Moment keine verlässlichen Daten vor.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
105.104. Limiting an answer
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Ich kann dazu nur eine vorläufige Einschätzung geben.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
106.105. Referring to a source
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Dazu gibt es eine Untersuchung, die ich in den Quellen angegeben habe.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
107.106. Clarifying a misunderstanding
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Ich glaube, hier müssen wir zwei Punkte auseinanderhalten.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
108.107. Disagreeing in Q&A
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Ich würde der Schlussfolgerung nicht vollständig zustimmen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
109.108. Partially agreeing in Q&A
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
In diesem Punkt stimme ich Ihnen zu, allerdings ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
110.109. Redirecting a question
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Vielleicht ist das auch eine Frage an die Runde.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
111.110. Marking an open question
Q&A requires not only subject knowledge but also interaction management. Good answers clarify the question, mark uncertainty, and limit claims transparently.
Useful German formulation:
Das bleibt tatsächlich eine offene Frage.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
112.111. Introducing the conclusion
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Ich komme damit zum Fazit.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
113.112. Restating the core message
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Die zentrale Aussage lautet also: ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
114.113. Summarising three points
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Lassen Sie mich die drei wichtigsten Punkte kurz zusammenfassen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
115.114. Stating the result
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
116.115. Naming a limitation
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Offen bleibt allerdings die Frage, ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
117.116. Giving an outlook
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Für die Zukunft wird entscheidend sein, ob ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
118.117. Giving an action perspective
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Als nächsten Schritt bietet sich an, ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
119.118. Thanking the audience
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
120.119. Moving to Q&A
A good conclusion closes the loop: it returns to the guiding question, condenses the main results, and may offer an outlook or next step.
Useful German formulation:
Ich freue mich auf Ihre Fragen und Anmerkungen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
121.120. Controlling speaking rate
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
An dieser Stelle möchte ich kurz innehalten.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
122.121. Using emphasis
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Entscheidend ist vor allem ein Punkt: ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
123.122. Simplifying a complex point
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Anders gesagt: ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
124.123. Repeating a key term
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Mit diesem Begriff meine ich ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
125.124. Self-correcting smoothly
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Genauer gesagt, ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
126.125. Correcting a slip
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Entschuldigung, ich meinte natürlich ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
127.126. Managing time
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Aus Zeitgründen fasse ich diesen Punkt kurz zusammen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
128.127. Condensing on the fly
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Ich beschränke mich hier auf das Wesentliche.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
129.128. Offering more detail later
Presentation language must be speakable. Short reformulations, self-corrections, and time-management phrases help maintain clarity under pressure.
Useful German formulation:
Auf die Details kann ich in der Fragerunde gern noch eingehen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
130.129. Formal presentation language
Formal and academic presentations need precise but not unnecessarily complex language. Uncertainty and scope should be marked explicitly.
Useful German formulation:
Ich möchte im Folgenden drei Aspekte näher erläutern.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
131.130. Neutral phrasing
Formal and academic presentations need precise but not unnecessarily complex language. Uncertainty and scope should be marked explicitly.
Useful German formulation:
Es lässt sich feststellen, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
132.131. Academic caution
Formal and academic presentations need precise but not unnecessarily complex language. Uncertainty and scope should be marked explicitly.
Useful German formulation:
Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
133.132. Marking a hypothesis
Formal and academic presentations need precise but not unnecessarily complex language. Uncertainty and scope should be marked explicitly.
Useful German formulation:
Eine mögliche Erklärung wäre, dass ...
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
134.133. Limiting a conclusion
Formal and academic presentations need precise but not unnecessarily complex language. Uncertainty and scope should be marked explicitly.
Useful German formulation:
Diese Schlussfolgerung gilt nur unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
135.134. Clear line of argument
Quality comes from coherence, audience orientation, functional visuals, realistic timing, and transparent sources. Phrase banks support this structure but do not replace it.
Useful German formulation:
Jeder Abschnitt führt nachvollziehbar zum nächsten.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
136.135. One main idea per slide
Quality comes from coherence, audience orientation, functional visuals, realistic timing, and transparent sources. Phrase banks support this structure but do not replace it.
Useful German formulation:
Die Folie unterstützt eine zentrale Aussage.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
137.136. Using visuals functionally
Quality comes from coherence, audience orientation, functional visuals, realistic timing, and transparent sources. Phrase banks support this structure but do not replace it.
Useful German formulation:
Die Grafik hat eine klare argumentative Funktion.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
138.137. Considering the audience
Quality comes from coherence, audience orientation, functional visuals, realistic timing, and transparent sources. Phrase banks support this structure but do not replace it.
Useful German formulation:
Begriffe werden dort erklärt, wo Vorwissen nicht vorausgesetzt werden kann.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
139.138. Planning time realistically
Quality comes from coherence, audience orientation, functional visuals, realistic timing, and transparent sources. Phrase banks support this structure but do not replace it.
Useful German formulation:
Die Gliederung passt zum verfügbaren Zeitrahmen.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
140.139. Making sources transparent
Quality comes from coherence, audience orientation, functional visuals, realistic timing, and transparent sources. Phrase banks support this structure but do not replace it.
Useful German formulation:
Aussagen mit Daten oder fremden Positionen sind nachvollziehbar belegt.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
141.140. Linking conclusion to objective
Quality comes from coherence, audience orientation, functional visuals, realistic timing, and transparent sources. Phrase banks support this structure but do not replace it.
Useful German formulation:
Das Fazit beantwortet die eingangs formulierte Leitfrage.
The wording can be adapted to the topic; what matters is that its communicative function remains clear.
142.Phrase bank by function
Opening
Guten Tag, ich möchte Ihnen heute ... vorstellen.Im Mittelpunkt meiner Präsentation steht ...Ziel meiner Präsentation ist es, ...Die zentrale Frage lautet: ...
Structure
Meine Präsentation gliedert sich in drei Teile.Zunächst gehe ich auf ... ein.Anschließend beschäftige ich mich mit ...Zum Schluss komme ich auf ... zu sprechen.
Transitions
Damit komme ich zum nächsten Punkt.Wie bereits erwähnt, ...Betrachten wir nun ...Nach diesen Grundlagen geht es nun um ...
Argumentation
Dafür spricht zunächst, dass ...Dem ließe sich entgegenhalten, dass ...Entscheidend ist, welches Kriterium man zugrunde legt.Als Zwischenergebnis lässt sich festhalten, dass ...
Data
Insgesamt ist ein deutlicher Anstieg zu erkennen.Der Anteil beträgt rund ... Prozent.Die Daten deuten darauf hin, dass ...Daraus lässt sich jedoch nicht unmittelbar auf eine Ursache schließen.
Conclusion
Ich komme damit zum Fazit.Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass ...Offen bleibt allerdings die Frage, ...Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit.
Q&A
Welche Fragen haben Sie?Wenn ich Ihre Frage richtig verstanden habe, geht es um ...Dazu liegen mir im Moment keine verlässlichen Daten vor.Das bleibt tatsächlich eine offene Frage.
143.Presentation structure: reusable template
1. Begrüßung
2. Thema
3. Ziel / Leitfrage
4. Gliederung
5. Hauptpunkt 1
6. Übergang
7. Hauptpunkt 2
8. Beispiel / Daten / Quelle
9. Hauptpunkt 3
10. Zwischenergebnis
11. Fazit
12. Ausblick / nächster Schritt
13. Fragen
144.Register: neutral, formal, academic
| Funktion | Neutral | Formeller / akademischer |
|---|---|---|
| Thema | Heute geht es um ... | Im Mittelpunkt meiner Präsentation steht ... |
| Position | Ich denke, dass ... | Aus meiner Sicht spricht vieles dafür, dass ... |
| Unsicherheit | Vielleicht ... | Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ... |
| Kontrast | Aber ... | Demgegenüber ist zu berücksichtigen, dass ... |
| Fazit | Am Ende kann man sagen ... | Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass ... |
145.Q&A: response patterns
| Situation | Formulierung |
|---|---|
| Frage klären | Wenn ich Sie richtig verstehe, fragen Sie nach ... |
| Kurz antworten | Kurz gesagt: ... |
| Differenzieren | Ich würde hier zwischen ... und ... unterscheiden. |
| Unsicherheit | Das lässt sich derzeit nicht eindeutig beantworten. |
| Begrenzen | Dazu kann ich nur eine vorläufige Einschätzung geben. |
| Widersprechen | Ich würde der Schlussfolgerung nicht vollständig zustimmen. |
| Teilweise zustimmen | In diesem Punkt stimme ich Ihnen zu, allerdings ... |
| Quelle nennen | Dazu gibt es eine Studie, auf die ich in den Quellen verweise. |
| Offen lassen | Das bleibt tatsächlich eine offene Frage. |
146.Models of complete presentation passages
M1. Einleitung
Guten Tag, ich möchte Ihnen heute ein Projekt zur Verbesserung der internen Kommunikation vorstellen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, wie Informationen schneller und transparenter zwischen den Teams ausgetauscht werden können. Zunächst erläutere ich die Ausgangssituation, anschließend stelle ich zwei Lösungsansätze vor und zum Schluss gehe ich auf die nächsten Schritte ein.
The model has a clear communicative function and can be adapted to the topic.
M2. Datenpassage
Auf dieser Folie sehen Sie die Entwicklung der Nutzung in den letzten drei Jahren. Insgesamt ist ein deutlicher Anstieg zu erkennen. Besonders stark wächst die Nutzung im zweiten Jahr. Im dritten Jahr stabilisiert sich der Wert auf hohem Niveau. Die Daten deuten darauf hin, dass die Maßnahme gut angenommen wird; daraus lässt sich jedoch noch nicht auf ihre langfristige Wirkung schließen.
The model has a clear communicative function and can be adapted to the topic.
M3. Argumentative Passage
Für die vorgeschlagene Lösung spricht vor allem ihre Flexibilität. Gleichzeitig ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Einführung zunächst zusätzlichen Schulungsaufwand verursacht. Entscheidend ist daher, ob kurzfristige Kosten oder langfristige Anpassungsfähigkeit stärker gewichtet werden. Unter dieser Voraussetzung erscheint die Lösung insgesamt sinnvoll.
The model has a clear communicative function and can be adapted to the topic.
M4. Fazit
Ich komme damit zum Fazit. Erstens zeigt die Analyse, dass der Informationsfluss derzeit an mehreren Stellen unterbrochen wird. Zweitens bieten digitale Werkzeuge Verbesserungspotenzial, lösen aber organisatorische Probleme nicht automatisch. Drittens hängt der Erfolg vor allem von klaren Zuständigkeiten ab. Als nächsten Schritt empfiehlt sich deshalb ein begrenzter Pilotversuch.
The model has a clear communicative function and can be adapted to the topic.
M5. Q&A-Antwort
Wenn ich Ihre Frage richtig verstanden habe, geht es um die langfristigen Kosten. Dazu kann ich im Moment nur eine vorläufige Einschätzung geben. Die bisherigen Daten sprechen für moderate laufende Kosten, allerdings fehlen noch belastbare Werte für die Skalierung. Diesen Punkt würde ich deshalb bewusst offenlassen.
The model has a clear communicative function and can be adapted to the topic.
147.Typical errors
F1. Folien vorlesen
Problem: den gesamten Text der Folie wiederholen.
Better: nur die für den Punkt relevanten Elemente hervorheben.
F2. keine Übergänge
Problem: Themen ohne Verbindung wechseln.
Better: logische Übergänge formulieren.
F3. zu allgemeiner Einstieg
Problem: lange Vorrede ohne Leitfrage.
Better: Thema und Ziel früh nennen.
F4. zu viele Daten
Problem: jede Zahl kommentieren.
Better: nur entscheidungsrelevante Werte auswählen.
F5. Kausalität übertreiben
Problem: aus Korrelation sofort Ursache ableiten.
Better: Beobachtung und Interpretation trennen.
F6. Fazit mit neuer Information
Problem: am Ende neue Argumente einführen.
Better: nur bündeln und beantworten.
F7. Q&A defensiv beantworten
Problem: Unsicherheit verstecken.
Better: Grenzen transparent markieren.
F8. zu komplizierte Sätze
Problem: schriftsprachliche Satzmonster vorlesen.
Better: sprechbare Einheiten bilden.
F9. Quelle unsichtbar
Problem: Daten ohne Herkunft zeigen.
Better: Quelle verbal oder visuell transparent machen.
F10. Zeit überziehen
Problem: alle Details behandeln.
Better: Schwerpunkte priorisieren und kürzen.
F11. Redemittel mechanisch
Problem: jede Formel gleich verwenden.
Better: Formulierungen an Funktion und Register anpassen.
F12. Publikum ignorieren
Problem: Vorwissen einfach voraussetzen.
Better: zentrale Begriffe bei Bedarf kurz definieren.
148.Master checklist before presenting
- presentation objective clear
- guiding question stated
- structure understandable
- transitions prepared
- one core idea per slide
- data sourced
- visuals explained
- examples functional
- conclusion answers guiding question
- Q&A phrases prepared
- timing tested
- language speakable
- sources slide complete
- no new information in conclusion
- uncertainty transparent
149.10-second reference
opening → topic + objective + guiding question
structure → zunächst / anschließend / zum Schluss
transition → Damit komme ich zu ...
data → Zu sehen ist ... / Die Daten deuten darauf hin ...
argumentation → Dafür spricht ... / Dem ließe sich entgegenhalten ...
conclusion → Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten ...
Q&A → Wenn ich Ihre Frage richtig verstehe ...
Key principle: Good presentation language tells the audience not only what you think, but also what function a sentence has in the line of argument.