1.als and wie in comparisons
als and wie are the main words for comparing people, things, quantities, qualities, and actions. The two core patterns are equality with so … wie and inequality with comparative + als.
Equality →
wie. Inequality →als.
2.Two main types of comparison
First distinguish equality and inequality. Equality: so … wie (for example so schnell wie). Inequality: comparative + als (for example schneller als).
3.so … wie for equality
If two people or things are equal in a quality, German uses so + adjective + wie.
The structure is transparent: subject + sein + so + adjective + wie + comparison partner.
4.More examples with so … wie
Useful combinations: so groß wie, so teuer wie, so schnell wie, so interessant wie, so weit wie.
5.genauso … wie and ebenso … wie
To emphasise equality more strongly, use genauso … wie. The variant ebenso … wie often sounds a little more written or formal.
genauso … wie means roughly “exactly the same in this quality”.
6.nicht so … wie and fast so … wie
Inequality can also be expressed through negated equality: nicht so + adjective + wie. If the values are almost equal, use fast so … wie.
nicht so schnell wie roughly corresponds to langsamer als, but looks at the difference from another angle.
7.Comparative with als
If the values differ, German usually uses comparative + als.
Useful combinations: größer als, kleiner als, schneller als, teurer als, leichter als.
8.Core structure with the comparative
The pattern is: A + sein + comparative + als + B. The structure is stable and covers a large number of everyday comparisons.
9.A short review of comparative formation
Many adjectives take -er: schnell → schneller, klein → kleiner. Some forms also change the vowel: lang → länger, alt → älter, warm → wärmer. Here the main question is how that form combines with als.
10.Frequent irregular comparative forms
Some very frequent forms should be learned as vocabulary: gut → besser, viel → mehr, gern → lieber, hoch → höher, nah → näher.
11.mehr … als and weniger … als
For a larger quantity or degree, the pattern mehr … als is central. The opposite pattern is weniger … als.
12.so viel … wie and so viele … wie
For uncountable or general quantity: so viel … wie. With countable nouns in the plural: so viele + plural + wie.
13.mehr and weniger with countable nouns
Also with plural nouns: mehr Bücher als, weniger Termine als, mehr Fragen als.
14.Comparing actions, frequency, and duration
You can compare not only qualities, but also actions. For frequency, useful forms are öfter als, seltener als, häufiger als. For duration: länger als, kürzer als.
Here the comparative often describes how an action is performed.
15.Comparing distance, people, things, places, and time
Useful patterns include weiter als, näher als, and ordinary quality comparisons across everyday topics.
After als or wie, often only a noun or pronoun remains, because the rest of the comparison is clear from context.
16.lieber … als and besser … als
With gern → lieber, speakers compare preferences. With gut → besser, they compare quality or the way an action is done.
lieber … alsmeans: option A is preferred to option B.
17.mehr als and weniger als as a quantity boundary
mehr als can simply mean “more than / over”. weniger als means “less than this amount / below a boundary”. A second comparison partner may be absent: als is part of the quantity expression.
18.Case and accusative after als / wie
als and wie do not usually govern case by themselves. Case depends on the grammatical role in a mentally completed full sentence.
In the first example, ich is mentally the subject: … als ich groß bin. In the second, mich can be understood as an accusative object: … als sie mich kennt.
19.Short comparisons can be ambiguous
Short comparisons sometimes allow two readings.
In theory this can mean “I know Anna better than Paul knows Anna” or “I know Anna better than I know Paul”. Context usually makes the meaning clear. If maximum clarity is needed, formulate the comparison more fully.
20.Full comparative clauses and commas
The second part of a comparison can be a full subordinate clause. In a simple comparison a comma is usually unnecessary. If a full clause begins after als, a comma is used.
The comma is linked to sentence structure, not simply to the word als.
21.wie in fuller structures
wie can also be part of a longer structure.
If the second part of the comparison becomes a full sentence, ordinary subordinate-clause grammar takes over.
22.Other functions of als and wie
als is not always a comparison word. It can introduce a one-time situation in the past: Als ich 18 war, zog ich nach Berlin. That is a different function from größer als or besser als. Structure shows the function.
wie can be a question word (Wie geht es dir?, Wie heißt du?) or describe the manner of an action (Mach es so, wie ich es gezeigt habe.). On this page the main focus is the comparison pattern so … wie.
23.Colloquial and standard usage
In regional and colloquial speech you may hear größer wie or besser wie. In standard German, difference uses größer als, besser als, schneller als; equality uses so groß wie, so gut wie.
Also avoid doubled als wie: standard German normally uses only größer als ….
For learners, the standard distinction is especially important.
24.Common mistakes
| Mistake type | Wrong | Correct |
|---|---|---|
wie after comparative | größer wie | größer als |
als for equality | so groß als | so groß wie |
mehr wie | mehr wie zehn Euro | mehr als zehn Euro |
als wie | größer als wie Bonn | größer als Bonn |
Case after als/wie is not chosen automatically: it depends on the role in the sentence. For equality, prefer the full pattern so … wie or genauso … wie.
25.Choice algorithm
- Are the values equal? →
so … wie(for exampleso teuer wie). - Is there a difference? →
comparative + als(for exampleteurer als). - Is quantity involved? → possible patterns include
so viel wie,so viele wie,mehr als,weniger als. - Preference? →
lieber … als. - Finally check the standard norm: after a comparative use
als, notwie.
26.Compact comparison map
| Type | Patterns |
|---|---|
| equality | so groß wie, genauso schnell wie, so viel wie, so viele wie |
| inequality | größer als, schneller als, mehr als, weniger als |
| negated comparison | nicht so groß wie, nicht so teuer wie |
| preference | lieber … als, besser … als |
In this system, wie connects equal comparison values, while als is used after a comparative or an unequal quantity expression.